Colon Cancer FAQs

There is a lot of information – and misinformation – about colon cancer and colon cancer screening. Check out these answers to some Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs).

What is colon cancer, and why should I care about screening?

Colon cancer (also called colorectal cancer) starts in the large intestine and often develops slowly over time. The tricky part? It can grow for years without causing noticeable symptoms. Screening matters because it can find cancer early — when it’s most treatable — or even prevent cancer from forming in the first place.

Why did the recommended screening age change from 50 to 45?

In recent years, doctors have seen a rise in colon cancer cases among younger adults. Because of this trend, medical guidelines now recommend that average-risk adults begin screening at age 45 instead of 50. Starting earlier helps catch problems sooner and saves lives.

Do I really need screening if I feel fine?

Yes. Many people with colon cancer feel completely normal at first. You don’t need symptoms like pain, bleeding, or changes in bowel habits to have colon cancer. Screening is designed for people who feel well — because waiting for symptoms often means the disease is more advanced.

What if I don’t have a family history of colon cancer?

Family history is important, but it’s not the whole story. Most people diagnosed with colon cancer have no family history at all. Lifestyle factors, age, and random cell changes can all play a role. That’s why screening is recommended even for people who consider themselves low risk.

What screening options are available?

There are several ways to screen for colon cancer, including at-home stool tests. One commonly advertised option is the at-home test Cologuard, which looks for signs of cancer in a stool sample. While these tests can detect cancer, they have limitations, including false-negative and false-positive results.

Why is colonoscopy considered the gold standard?

A colonoscopy does more than look for cancer — it can prevent cancer. During the procedure, your doctor examines the entire colon and can remove precancerous polyps on the spot, before they ever have a chance to turn into cancer.

At-home tests can only tell you if something might be wrong. If they’re positive, you’ll still need a colonoscopy. A colonoscopy is both diagnostic and preventive, which is why it’s considered the most comprehensive screening option.

Is a colonoscopy safe?

Yes. Colonoscopy is a routine, well-studied procedure performed millions of times each year. Most people are comfortably sedated and don’t remember the exam. Serious complications are rare, and the benefits of early detection and prevention far outweigh the risks.

How often do I need a colonoscopy?

For people at average risk with normal results, a colonoscopy is typically recommended every 10 years. If polyps are found or if you have certain risk factors, your doctor may recommend screening more often.

What’s the bottom line?

Colon cancer is one of the most preventable cancers — and one of the most treatable when found early. Screening starting at age 45, even if you feel fine and have no family history, is one of the most important steps you can take for your long-term health. Talk with your doctor about any concerns.